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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
06:11

Monitoring Blood Glucose in Mouse Offspring After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Published on: May 17, 2024

Maternal genotype and gestational diabetes.

Alison M Stuebe1, Alison Wise2, Thutrang Nguyen3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

American Journal of Perinatology
|March 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variants linked to glucose metabolism are associated with gestational diabetes (GDM) risk. Maternal genotyping may help identify women susceptible to impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy.

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Stable Isotope In-Vivo Labeling for Mass-Spectrometry Identification of Paternal Metabolites Transferred from Sperm to Oocyte During Fertilization
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Published on: June 17, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant pregnancy complication.
  • Identifying genetic predispositions for GDM is crucial for early intervention.
  • Glucose homeostasis plays a key role in pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between genetic variants related to glucose homeostasis and the risk of developing GDM.
  • To explore if known type II diabetes (T2DM) associated genetic variants influence GDM susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of 38 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Caucasian and African-American women from the Pregnancy, Infection and Nutrition (PIN) Studies cohorts.
  • Analysis of SNP associations with GDM diagnosis in relation to T2DM and glucose homeostasis in nonpregnant populations.

Main Results:

  • GDM prevalence was 6.2% in both Caucasian and African-American cohorts.
  • In Caucasian women, GDM risk was associated with specific alleles in TCF7L2, MTNR1B, and GCKR genes.
  • In African-American women, TSPAN8 and JAZF1 gene variants showed associations with increased and reduced GDM risk, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Several SNPs associated with glucose homeostasis and T2DM risk are also linked to GDM risk.
  • Maternal genetic profiling may serve as a tool to identify women at higher risk of GDM.
  • Further research can refine genetic risk prediction for gestational glucose intolerance.