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Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney
Published on: September 1, 2016
Angiogenesis and hypoxia in the kidney
Tetsuhiro Tanaka1, Masaomi Nangaku
1Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Nature Reviews. Nephrology
|March 6, 2013
Summary
Progressive kidney diseases involve tubulointerstitial lesions and capillary loss. Therapies targeting angiogenic factors aim to improve oxygenation but require careful regulation to avoid adverse effects like inflammation and hypertension.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Vascular Biology
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Progressive renal disorders often feature tubulointerstitial lesions and peritubular capillary loss, impairing glomerular function.
- Dysregulated expression of angiogenic factors and inhibitors disrupts the balance of capillary formation and regression, leading to capillary rarefaction.
- Tubulointerstitial hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible transcription factors play a significant role in advanced chronic kidney disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of angiogenic factors and inhibitors in chronic kidney disease.
- To discuss the potential and limitations of current angiogenic therapies.
- To highlight the need for novel therapeutic strategies focusing on vascular normalization.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on angiogenesis in chronic kidney disease.
- Analysis of the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its inhibitors.
- Examination of the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors.
Main Results:
- Imbalances in angiogenic factors contribute to capillary rarefaction and kidney dysfunction.
- Angiogenic therapies, while aiming to improve oxygenation, can cause adverse effects such as inflammation, proteinuria, hypertension, and thrombotic microangiopathy.
- Tight regulation of angiogenic factors and inhibitors is crucial for effective therapeutic outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Current angiogenic therapies face challenges due to potential side effects and the need for precise regulation.
- Novel therapeutic approaches focusing on vascular maturation and normalization are essential for protecting kidneys from hypoxic injury and capillary rarefaction.
- Further research is needed to develop safer and more effective vascular-targeted therapies for chronic kidney disease.
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