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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
11:29

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

A Cancer-Indicative microRNA Pattern in Normal Prostate Tissue.

Olaf J C Hellwinkel1, Christina Sellier, Yu-Mi Jessica Sylvester

  • 1Department of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany. hellwinkel@uke.uni-hamburg.de.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 6, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified specific microRNAs in normal prostate tissue that indicate the presence of prostate cancer. This discovery could lead to new diagnostic methods for detecting cancer early.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues
11:29

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

Published on: September 8, 2015

MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)
08:30

MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)

Published on: May 16, 2012

Laser-capture Microdissection of Human Prostatic Epithelium for RNA Analysis
07:42

Laser-capture Microdissection of Human Prostatic Epithelium for RNA Analysis

Published on: November 26, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Prostate cancer diagnosis often relies on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and biopsies.
  • Histologically normal prostate tissue may harbor molecular signatures indicative of underlying malignancy.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with regulatory roles implicated in various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of microRNA expression profiles in histologically normal prostate tissue as biomarkers for prostate cancer.
  • To identify specific microRNAs that differentiate normal prostate tissue from cancer-affected tissue, independent of PSA levels.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 157 microRNAs in pooled prostate tissue samples.
  • Selection of eight candidate microRNAs based on expression analysis and literature review.
  • Quantification of selected microRNAs in histologically tumor-free biopsy samples from prostate cancer patients and cancer-negative controls using real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs).

Main Results:

  • Seven microRNAs (miR-124a, miR-146a & b, miR-185, miR-16, let-7a & b) showed significant differential expression in normal prostate tissue of cancer patients compared to controls.
  • Four microRNAs (miR-185, miR-16, let-7a, let-7b) effectively distinguished normal tissue from prostate cancer patients from those with elevated PSA levels.
  • The transcript levels of these four microRNAs were highly indicative of prostate cancer presence, irrespective of PSA levels.

Conclusions:

  • A distinct microRNA pattern exists in histologically normal prostate tissue that can indicate the presence of prostate cancer within the organ.
  • These identified microRNAs hold promise as novel biomarkers for non-invasive or early detection of prostate cancer.
  • Further validation is warranted to integrate these microRNA signatures into clinical diagnostic strategies for prostate cancer.