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Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Diabetic Nephropathy

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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies

Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies

Published on: March 12, 2022

Diabetic retinopathy and VEGF.

N Gupta¹, S Mansoor, A Sharma

¹Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, USA.

The Open Ophthalmology Journal

|March 6, 2013

Summary

Diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness, is managed with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies. This review explores VEGF

Keywords:

DME Diabetic retinopathy PGF.VEGF central retinal vein occlusion diabetes

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An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

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Published on: January 25, 2019

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies

Quantification of Vascular Parameters in Whole Mount Retinas of Mice with Non-Proliferative and Proliferative Retinopathies

Published on: March 12, 2022

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Fibrovascular Complications in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Published on: January 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Endocrinology
Vascular Biology

Background:

Diabetic retinopathy is a primary cause of vision loss globally.
Current treatments involve laser photocoagulation, steroids, anti-VEGF agents, and blood sugar control.
Anti-VEGF therapies offer a safer alternative to laser treatments for diabetic macular edema (DME).

Purpose of the Study:

To provide comprehensive information on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
To elucidate the role of VEGF in diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis.
To examine antiangiogenic agents' mechanisms in managing diabetic retinopathy.

Main Methods:

Literature review using Medline (PubMed) database.
Keywords: "VEGF", "diabetic retinopathy", "diabetes".
No year limitation for manuscript search.

Main Results:

VEGF plays a critical role in diabetic retinopathy development.
Anti-VEGF agents are effective in managing vision-threatening complications like DME.
Understanding VEGF mechanisms aids in developing targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

Anti-VEGF therapies are a key component in managing diabetic retinopathy.
Further research into antiangiogenic agents can improve patient outcomes.
Multidisciplinary management is crucial for diabetic retinopathy patients.