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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
08:17

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration

Published on: February 27, 2018

Experimental insights into age-exacerbated cognitive dysfunction after peripheral surgery.

Antonio R Fidalgo1

  • 1Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan. afidalgo@outlook.com

Aging Cell
|March 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgery can cause cognitive dysfunction, especially in older adults. New research explores treatments for this postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), highlighting the need for further investigation into brain inflammation and therapies.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
10:13

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a significant concern, particularly in the aging population undergoing surgery.
  • Age is a well-established risk factor for POCD, with increasing life expectancy leading to more surgeries in elderly individuals.
  • POCD can result in a new incapacitating condition, potentially negating the benefits of the initial surgical procedure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comment on and analyze the recent findings by Barrientos et al. regarding treatment strategies for surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction.
  • To emphasize the timeliness and importance of further research into mitigating POCD.
  • To identify areas for future investigation, including brain inflammation and novel therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Commentary on existing research (Barrientos et al., J. Neurosci. 2012).
  • Review of landmark studies on age as a risk factor for POCD (Moller et al., Lancet 1998).
  • Discussion of the implications of increasing surgical rates in the elderly population.

Main Results:

  • The study by Barrientos et al. provides valuable insights into potential treatments for surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction.
  • The prevalence of POCD poses a risk of patients developing a new disability post-surgery.
  • Existing research underscores the critical role of age in the development of POCD.

Conclusions:

  • The contribution by Barrientos et al. is a welcome addition to the understanding of POCD treatments.
  • Further research is essential to explore the intensity and onset of neuroinflammation associated with POCD.
  • Investigating therapeutic possibilities beyond IL-1-ra is crucial for developing more effective interventions.