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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
The Nucleosome01:19

The Nucleosome

Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
10:40

Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

Determinants of nucleosome positioning.

Kevin Struhl1, Eran Segal

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. kevin@hms.harvard.edu

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology
|March 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Nucleosome positioning, crucial for gene expression, is shaped by DNA sequence, remodeling enzymes, and transcription factors. These elements interact, leading to varied patterns that impact gene activity across different cells and genes.

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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA
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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

Published on: September 10, 2013

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
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In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Nucleosome positioning is fundamental to DNA accessibility and regulation of gene expression.
  • Understanding the factors that dictate nucleosome organization is key to deciphering gene regulation.
  • Aberrant nucleosome positioning is linked to various diseases and developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on dominant nucleosome positioning patterns.
  • To summarize the known determinants of nucleosome positioning.
  • To explore the interplay between these determinants and their impact on gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nucleosome positioning.
  • Analysis of genome-wide studies identifying nucleosome organization patterns.
  • Integration of data on DNA sequence preferences, chromatin remodelers, and transcription factors.

Main Results:

  • Dominant patterns of nucleosome positioning have been identified across genomes.
  • Key determinants include DNA sequence, ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers, and various transcription factors (activators, preinitiation complex, RNA polymerase II).
  • These determinants exhibit complex interactions, resulting in dynamic and gene-specific nucleosome positioning.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleosome positioning is a complex, multi-factorial process influenced by DNA sequence, chromatin remodelers, and transcription factors.
  • The interplay of these factors leads to diverse nucleosome positioning patterns, impacting gene expression variability within populations.
  • Further research into these interactions will illuminate mechanisms of gene regulation and cellular differentiation.