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Related Concept Videos

Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...

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Ookluc: A Plasmodium berghei Line for Identifying Transmission-blocking Compounds
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Transfusion-transmitted malaria in Ghana.

Alex K Owusu-Ofori1, Martha Betson, Christopher M Parry

  • 1Department of Clinical Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. owusu_ofori@yahoo.com

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|March 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) is infrequent in sub-Saharan Africa, despite high malaria parasite rates in blood donors. Current screening methods are not sensitive enough for blood banks in malaria-endemic regions.

Keywords:
Plasmodium falciparumTransfusion-transmitted malariablood donorblood transfusionscreening

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Malaria parasitemia in blood donors in sub-Saharan Africa ranges widely (0.6%-50%).
  • The burden of transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) in endemic countries is not well-defined.
  • Screening all donated blood for malaria parasites is recommended.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of TTM in Ghana.
  • To identify a suitable malaria screening test for blood banks in malaria-endemic areas.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited transfusion recipients (pregnant women, children, immunocompromised) in a Ghanaian teaching hospital over one year.
  • Genotyped parasites in recipients and transfused blood to confirm TTM.
  • Compared four malaria screening tests for their effectiveness in African blood banks.

Main Results:

  • Of 50 recipients receiving blood positive for Plasmodium falciparum by PCR, only 7 developed parasitemia; 1 (2%) had parasites identical to transfused blood.
  • Prevalence of P. falciparum in transfused blood varied by test: microscopy (4.7%), rapid diagnostic test (13.7%), PCR (18%), and enzyme immunoassay (22.2%).

Conclusions:

  • TTM occurs infrequently, even with common malaria detection in blood donors.
  • Existing malaria screening methods lack sufficient sensitivity for blood banks in malaria-endemic regions.
  • Further research is needed to identify effective screening strategies.