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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

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Dynamic regulatory network controlling TH17 cell differentiation.

Nir Yosef1, Alex K Shalek, Jellert T Gaublomme

  • 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.

Nature
|March 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers mapped the dynamic regulatory network controlling mouse TH17 cell differentiation. This study identified 39 regulatory factors and potential drug targets for autoimmune diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Systems Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Molecular circuits governing naive T cell differentiation are largely unknown.
  • Previous regulatory network studies focused on short-term responses and were not suitable for primary T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically derive and validate a dynamic regulatory network model for mouse TH17 cell differentiation.
  • To identify novel regulators and potential therapeutic targets for TH17 cell-related autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • High-temporal-resolution transcriptional profiling.
  • Novel computational algorithms for network reconstruction.
  • Innovative nanowire-based tools for experimental validation.

Main Results:

  • A dynamic regulatory network model for mouse TH17 cell differentiation was established.
  • Identified 12 novel regulators within a network of 39 validated factors.
  • The network comprises two self-reinforcing, mutually antagonistic modules.

Conclusions:

  • The coupled action of identified regulators is crucial for balancing TH17 and other CD4(+) T cell subsets.
  • The study reveals organizational principles of the TH17 transcriptional network.
  • Novel drug targets for controlling TH17 cell differentiation were highlighted.