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Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit
09:57

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit

Published on: July 13, 2019

A simple protocol to prevent external ventricular drain infections.

Alexander C Flint1, Vivek A Rao, Natalie C Renda

  • 1Kaiser Permanente, Department of Neuroscience, Redwood City, California 94063, USA. alexander.c.flint@kp.org

Neurosurgery
|March 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implementing an evidence-based infection control protocol significantly reduced external ventricular drain (EVD) infections. This simple protocol dramatically lowered the risk of EVD-related complications, improving patient outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit
09:57

A Protocol to Set Up Needle-Free Connector with Positive Displacement on Central Venous Catheter in Intensive Care Unit

Published on: July 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Infectious Disease Control
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • External ventricular drains (EVDs) are crucial neurosurgical devices but carry a high risk of infection.
  • EVD infections lead to significant patient morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the effectiveness of an evidence-based infection control protocol in reducing EVD infections.
  • To quantify the impact of the protocol on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture positivity and ventriculitis rates.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of EVD placements in a tertiary care neurointensive care unit.
  • Comparison of infection rates (CSF culture positivity, ventriculitis) in the 3 years before and 3 years after protocol implementation.
  • Analysis of 262 EVD placements and 2499 catheter-days.

Main Results:

  • CSF culture positivity decreased from 9.8% to 0.8% (P = .001).
  • Ventriculitis rates dropped from 6.3% to 0.8% (P = .02).
  • The protocol demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in EVD-related infections.

Conclusions:

  • A simple, evidence-based infection control protocol effectively reduced EVD infections.
  • The protocol implementation was associated with a dramatic decrease in the risk of EVD infection.
  • This strategy offers a promising approach to mitigate infection risks in neurocritical care settings.