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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data01:23

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System I: Subjective Data

A thorough health history and physical assessment are essential for identifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) symptoms and distinguishing them from other health issues.
Initial Enquiry
Ask the patient about their primary concern and thoroughly explore all reported symptoms.
Medical History
Investigate past illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system, such as angina, anemia, rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, stroke, thrombophlebitis, dysrhythmias, varicosities
Inquire about symptoms...
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding01:25

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...

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A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
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"Don't know" responses to risk perception measures: implications for underserved populations.

Erika A Waters1, Jennifer L Hay2, Heather Orom3

  • 1Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences), Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (EAW, BFD)

Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making
|March 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

"Don't know" responses about colorectal cancer risk are common, especially in underserved groups. Failing to account for these responses may worsen health disparities and impact intervention effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Health behavior research
  • Health disparities
  • Survey methodology

Background:

  • Risk perceptions influence health decisions and behaviors.
  • Understanding "don't know" (DK) responses is crucial for accurate behavioral interventions.
  • The prevalence and factors associated with DK responses in risk perception surveys are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the prevalence and correlates of "don't know" (DK) responses to items assessing perceived risk of colorectal cancer.
  • To identify demographic and survey-specific factors influencing DK responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of three population-based surveys: 2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), and a primary care clinic-based survey.
  • Inclusion of 31,202 (NHIS), 1,937 (HINTS), and 769 (clinic) participants.
  • Assessment of DK responses using varied question formats (comparative risk, absolute risk) and response scales ('chance,' 'likely'), with an explicit DK option in the clinic survey.

Main Results:

  • "Don't know" response rates varied: 6.9% (NHIS), 7.5% (HINTS-comparative), 8.7% (HINTS-absolute), 49.1% ('chance' scale, clinic), and 69.3% ('likely' scale, clinic).
  • Correlates of DK responding included characteristics linked to health disparities, such as lower education levels.
  • Patterns of DK responding differed across samples, question formats, and response scales.

Conclusions:

  • "Don't know" responding is more prevalent in populations experiencing health disparities.
  • Omitting or not analyzing DK responses can further marginalize these populations.
  • Addressing DK responses is vital for improving research validity and the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing health disparities.