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Related Concept Videos

Aquaporins01:25

Aquaporins

Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also transport glycerol. In addition, aquaporins have also been suspected to be involved in transporting volatile substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, across membranes. Such AQPs that act as gas channels are often highly expressed in cells involved in the gaseous exchange, such as red blood cells, epithelial cells, and pulmonary capillaries.
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
09:17

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Published on: August 2, 2018

Hypoxia and hypoxia mimetics decrease aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression through both hypoxia inducible factor-1α and

Jitesh D Kawedia1, Fan Yang, Maureen A Sartor

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America. jdkawedia@mdanderson.org

Plos One
|March 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxia significantly reduces Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in lung epithelial cells, impacting gas exchange. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) and proteasome pathways are key regulators in this process.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Published on: June 3, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The alveolar epithelium is crucial for lung function, mediating gas exchange and fluid transport.
  • Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is a key water channel protein in the alveolar epithelium, essential for fluid balance.
  • The impact of hypoxic stress on AQP5 expression and its underlying regulatory mechanisms remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of hypoxia on Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in the lung.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, including Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) and proteasome pathways, involved in regulating AQP5 under hypoxic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of mice and MLE-12 lung epithelial cells to hypoxia and cobalt (hypoxia mimetic).
  • Quantification of AQP5 mRNA and protein levels using real-time PCR and Western blotting.
  • Assessment of HIF-1α involvement using dominant-negative mutants and siRNA.
  • Evaluation of proteasome pathway involvement using proteasome inhibitors (lactacystin, proteasome inhibitor-III).

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia caused a significant 70% decrease in AQP5 expression in mouse lungs.
  • Both hypoxia and cobalt mimetic reduced AQP5 mRNA and protein levels in MLE-12 cells.
  • HIF-1α was identified as a key mediator of hypoxia-induced AQP5 downregulation.
  • Proteasome inhibitors abolished the effects of hypoxia and cobalt on AQP5, suggesting involvement in transcriptional regulation and protein stability.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoxia significantly downregulates AQP5 expression in the lung through a mechanism involving HIF-1α.
  • The proteasome pathway plays a critical role in regulating AQP5 transcription and/or protein stability under hypoxic stress.
  • These findings reveal a novel physiological link between hypoxic stress and water transport in the lung.