Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but this inhibition is released...

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Age and sex specific coronary plaque characteristics among South Asians: Insights from the DILWALE CTA study.

American journal of preventive cardiology·2026

Same author

Associations of the PREVENT Score with coronary artery and thoracic aortic calcification among South Asian Americans.

American journal of preventive cardiology·2026

Same author

Colchicine attenuates epicardial adipose tissue progression in stable coronary artery disease: The EKSTROM CT sub-study.

Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography·2026

Same author

Longitudinal Data from the KETO-CTA Study: Plaque Predicts Plaque, ApoB Does Not: JACC Adv. 2025;4(7):101686.

JACC. Advances·2026

Same author

Plasma proteomics and coronary artery calcium score: synergistic, concordant and contrasting predictions of cardiovascular outcomes in The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Reassessing alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease by addressing bias in observational data: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Updates on insulin resistance.

Matthew Budoff¹

¹David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, 1124 W Carson Street, RB2, Torrance, CA 90502, USA. mbudoff@labiomed.org

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy

|March 9, 2013

Summary

The World Congress on Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease highlighted the links between endocrine systems and metabolic diseases. Experts discussed advancements in understanding obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease connections.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Cardiology
Metabolic Diseases

Background:

The World Congress on Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease convened in Hollywood, CA, USA, from November 1-3, 2012.
The event attracted a diverse group of healthcare professionals, including endocrinologists, cardiologists, internists, and nurses.
Focus was on the growing understanding of insulin resistance and its impact.

Framework:

The congress served as a platform for multidisciplinary collaboration.
It aimed to advance awareness regarding the complex interplay of various systems.
Key areas of focus included obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Implementation:

The program facilitated discussions among specialists from various fields.

More Related Videos

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance

Published on: February 17, 2023

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT)

Published on: January 7, 2018

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance

Published on: February 17, 2023

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Presentations and interactions aimed to share the latest research and clinical insights.

Networking opportunities fostered collaboration among attendees.

Implications:

The congress advanced the understanding of the contribution of multiple endocrine and paracrine systems.
It underscored the interconnectedness of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
The event contributed to the ongoing dialogue and research in these critical health areas.