Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice
07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

Published on: January 26, 2024

Stress hyperglycemia: an essential survival response!

Paul E Marik, Rinaldo Bellomo

    Critical Care (London, England)
    |March 9, 2013
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice11:10

    Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

    Published on: November 16, 2011

    Related Concept Videos

    Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

    Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

    Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
    Hyperglycemia01:29

    Hyperglycemia

    Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
    Hypoglycemia01:26

    Hypoglycemia

    Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
    Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

    Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

    Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
    During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
    Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

    Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

    Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
    In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
    Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

    Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

    The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
    Insulin and C-peptide are co-secreted in...