Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 13, 2026

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
Published on: February 4, 2013
Enthalpy of mixing of liquid systems for lead free soldering: Ni-Sb-Sn system
A Elmahfoudi1, S Fürtauer, A Sabbar
1Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Générale, Av. Ibn Batouta, B.P. 1014, Rabat, Morocco ; University of Vienna, Department of Inorganic Chemistry/Materials Chemistry, Währinger Str. 42, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
Abstract:
The partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of liquid ternary Ni-Sb-Sn alloys were determined along five sections xSb/xSn = 3:1, xSb/xSn = 1:1, xSb/xSn = 1:3, xNi/xSn = 1:4, and xNi/xSb = 1:4 at 1000 °C in a large compositional range using drop calorimetry techniques. The mixing enthalpy of Ni-Sb alloys was determined at the same temperature and described by a Redlich-Kister polynomial. The other binary data were carefully evaluated from literature values. Our measured ternary data were fitted on the basis of an extended Redlich-Kister-Muggianu model for substitutional solutions. Additionally, a comparison of these results to the extrapolation model of Toop is given. The entire ternary system shows exothermic values of ΔmixH ranging from approx. -1300 J/mol, the minimum in the Sb-Sn binary system down to approx. -24,500 J/mol towards Ni-Sb. No significant ternary interaction could be deduced from our data.
Related Concept Videos
The Thermodynamics of Mixing
Enthalpy of Solution
Chemical and Solubility Equilibria
Precipitation of Ions
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Liquid–Solid Solutions
Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Solutions

![The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F54498.jpg&w=3840&q=50)