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Updated: May 13, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

Published on: February 6, 2021

Syncope diagnostic scores.

Robert Sheldon¹

¹Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. sheldon@ucalgary.ca

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

|March 12, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing syncope is challenging. New Calgary Syncope Scores effectively differentiate causes like seizures, vasovagal syncope, and ventricular tachycardia, improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.

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Quantitative Autonomic Testing

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

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Quantitative Autonomic Testing

Quantitative Autonomic Testing

Published on: July 19, 2011

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Neurology
Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

Syncope diagnosis presents challenges due to diverse etiologies and subtle initial presentations.
Many patients undergo extensive, costly investigations with limited diagnostic yield.
Developing evidence-based, quantitative tools is crucial for accurate syncope cause identification.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate quantitative history-based scores for diagnosing syncope.
To differentiate syncope from epileptic seizures.
To distinguish vasovagal syncope and identify structural heart disease-related causes.

Main Methods:

Development of quantitative history-based scores using patient populations with diagnosed causes of syncope.
Validation of the Calgary Syncope Seizures Score, Calgary Syncope Score for normal hearts, and Calgary Syncope Score for Structural Heart Disease.
Assessment of sensitivity and specificity for differentiating various syncope etiologies.

Main Results:

The Calgary Syncope Seizures Score achieved 94% sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing syncope from seizures.
The Calgary Syncope Score for normal hearts demonstrated ~90% accuracy in differentiating vasovagal syncope.
The Calgary Syncope Score for Structural Heart Disease accurately diagnosed ventricular tachycardia (98% sensitivity) and predicted adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

Calgary Syncope Scores provide a validated, quantitative approach to syncope diagnosis.
These scores aid in clinical decision-making, reducing unnecessary investigations.
The scores are valuable for patient stratification in clinical studies and trials.