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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
14:14

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement

Published on: December 11, 2017

Annulus upsizing for mitral valve re-replacement in children.

Patrick O Myers1, Pedro J del Nido, Doff B McElhinney

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston & Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02445, USA. Patrick.Myers@hcuge.ch

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitral valve replacement in children can be improved by enlarging the mitral annulus, allowing for larger prosthetic valves. However, this procedure carries a risk of heart block that requires further investigation.

Keywords:
20.135.4MVRmitral valve re-replacementmitral valve replacementreMVR

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Published on: May 26, 2023

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
14:14

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement

Published on: December 11, 2017

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels
08:12

Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Repair with Percutaneous Cannulation of Groin Vessels

Published on: May 26, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Mitral valve replacement is the final treatment for congenital mitral valve disease.
  • Enlarging the mitral annulus during replacement can facilitate the implantation of larger prosthetic valves in pediatric patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze mitral annulus enlargement techniques during mitral valve replacement in children.
  • To compare outcomes between patients who underwent mitral annulus enlargement and a control group.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of mitral valve replacement procedures from 1990 to 2012.
  • Comparison of patients undergoing mitral annulus enlargement with a control group undergoing re-replacement without enlargement.
  • Primary endpoints included changes in annulus size, Z score, and freedom from paced rhythm.

Main Results:

  • Mitral annulus enlargement was performed in 16 procedures (8%) on 15 patients, primarily those with prior mitral valve replacement.
  • Annulus upsizing techniques included balloon dilation, radial incisions, and patch augmentation.
  • The mean valvar diameter Z score significantly increased in the upsizing group (P < .001).
  • A nontrivial risk of permanent pacing was observed in the upsizing group (4/12 patients), particularly with patch augmentation.

Conclusions:

  • Various techniques can effectively enlarge the mitral annulus in children undergoing mitral valve replacement, enabling larger prosthesis implantation.
  • Annulus upsizing is associated with a significant risk of heart block, necessitating further research.