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Magnetic Fields

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

Magnetic Flux

Magnetic Flux

The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines passing through a given surface area. The SI unit for magnetic flux is the weber (Wb). Magnetic flux is a scalar quantity. It depends on three factors: the strength of the magnetic field B, the area through which the field lines pass, and the relative orientation of the field with the surface area.
Suppose a surface is divided into elements of area dA. For each element, the component of the magnetic field that is normal to the...

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

Large-scale magnetic fields in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.

Alexandros Alexakis¹

¹Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR CNRS 8550, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75006 Paris Cedex 05, France.

Physical Review Letters

|March 12, 2013

Summary

High Reynolds number magnetohydrodynamic turbulence dissipation scales with flow velocity and magnetic field strength. Magnetic shear becomes dominant at higher magnetic energies, altering energy cascade dynamics in this study.

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Area of Science:

Plasma Physics
Fluid Dynamics
Astrophysics

Background:

Investigating high Reynolds number magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is crucial for understanding astrophysical phenomena.
The influence of large-scale magnetic fields on turbulence energy dissipation requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the energy dissipation rate scaling in MHD turbulence under varying large-scale magnetic field strengths.
To identify transitions in scaling laws as magnetic field energy increases relative to kinetic energy.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulations of high Reynolds number MHD turbulence.
Analysis of energy dissipation rates and spectra across different flow and magnetic field configurations.

Main Results:

Energy dissipation rate follows U(rms)(3)/ℓ scaling even with significant magnetic field energy.
A transition to U(rms)(2) B(rms)/ℓ scaling occurs when magnetic energy dominates, indicating magnetic shear's increased efficiency.
Helical configurations exhibit deviations due to nonturbulent helicity condensates; weak turbulence scaling is absent.

Conclusions:

The study reveals distinct scaling regimes for energy dissipation in MHD turbulence based on magnetic field strength.
Magnetic shear plays a critical role in energy cascading at high magnetic field strengths.
Observed spectral characteristics align with Kolmogorov and Iroshnikov-Kraichnan spectra, consistent with solar wind observations.