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Related Concept Videos

Complexometric Titration: Overview00:39

Complexometric Titration: Overview

Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the end point of a complexometric titration. It is added to the metal solution before the titration, forming a stable metal–indicator complex and imparting color to the solution. As the titration approaches the equivalence point, the excess of the added ligand displaces the indicator from the metal–indicator complex, releasing the free indicator. The...
Titrimetric Methods: Types and Commonly Used Strategies01:08

Titrimetric Methods: Types and Commonly Used Strategies

In chemistry, titrimetric methods are broadly classified into three types: volumetric, gravimetric, and coulometric. Volumetric titrations involve measuring the volume of a titrant of known concentration that is required to react completely with an analyte. In gravimetric titrations, the standard solution reacts with the analyte to form an insoluble precipitate, which is filtered, dried, and weighed. In coulometric titrations, current is applied to an electrochemical reaction until the reaction...
EDTA: Indirect and Alkalimetric Titration01:23

EDTA: Indirect and Alkalimetric Titration

Unlike direct titration, back-titration, and displacement titration, indirect titration is an EDTA titration method for quantifying anions. In the indirect titration method, anions are precipitated as their insoluble salts with excess metal ions. The filtrate containing the excess metal ions is directly titrated with standard EDTA until the endpoint is achieved. Another approach involves extracting the metal ion and back-titrating with standard EDTA to obtain the endpoint. In this way, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis
14:53

In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis

Published on: February 3, 2018

A simplified method for determining titanium from TiO2 nanoparticles in fish tissue with a concomitant multi-element

Benjamin J Shaw1, Christopher S Ramsden, Andrew Turner

  • 1Ecotoxicology Research and Innovation Centre, School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.

Chemosphere
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new method reliably detects titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in fish tissue. This simple, high-throughput technique enhances ecotoxicological research and food safety assessments.

Keywords:
EcotoxicologyFood safetyMulti-element analysisSpike recoveryTitanium dioxide concentration

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Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis
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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis
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In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis

Published on: February 3, 2018

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Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis
06:24

Preparation of Nanoparticles for ToF-SIMS and XPS Analysis

Published on: September 13, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Reliable detection of nanoparticles (NPs) in fish is crucial for ecotoxicological research and food safety.
  • Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are increasingly used, necessitating accurate methods for their detection in aquatic organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, high-throughput method for determining titanium (Ti) from TiO2 NPs in fish tissue.
  • To simultaneously measure other elements in fish tissue samples alongside Ti from TiO2 NPs.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated various sample digestion and preparation techniques, including vial material, stirring vs. sonication, and additive effects (sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100).
  • Optimized sample preparation by incorporating 2% Triton X-100, followed by sonication and vortexing immediately before analysis.
  • Assessed method precision and accuracy using spike recovery tests and evaluated its suitability for multi-element analysis.

Main Results:

  • Sample preparation involving 2% Triton X-100, sonication, and vortexing significantly improved Ti recovery from TiO2 NPs in trout tissues (from ~20% to >90%).
  • The optimized method demonstrated good precision and accuracy, with coefficients of variation <7%.
  • Copper spike recovery confirmed the method's suitability for simultaneous multi-element analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method offers a simple, high-throughput, and improved approach for routine determination of Ti from TiO2 NPs in fish tissues.
  • This advancement supports more robust ecotoxicological studies and enhances food safety monitoring for nanoparticle contamination.