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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
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Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears
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Knotless Independent Double-Row Repair and Biceps Augmentation for Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 23, 2026

The distal biceps tendon.

Christopher C Schmidt1, Claudius D Jarrett, Brandon T Brown

  • 1Orthopedic Specialists-UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15237, USA. cschmidthand@comcast.net

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distal biceps tendon ruptures are common upper extremity injuries. Recent research enhances understanding of tendon anatomy and biomechanics, informing surgical and non-surgical treatment strategies for acute and chronic tears.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Upper Extremity Trauma

Background:

  • Distal biceps tendon ruptures represent a significant clinical challenge for surgeons.
  • Treatment evolution focuses on improving fixation strength and minimizing complications.
  • Advances in basic science offer new insights into tendon structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on distal biceps tendon injuries.
  • To synthesize recent findings in basic science and clinical data.
  • To detail the management of both partial and complete distal biceps tendon tears.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies published since the mid-1980s.
  • Analysis of basic science research on tendon structure, footprint anatomy, and biomechanics.
  • Evaluation of clinical data on conservative and surgical management outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Emphasis has shifted towards techniques enhancing initial tendon-to-bone fixation.
  • Expanded knowledge of biceps tendon biomechanics and footprint anatomy.
  • Delineation of outcomes for acute and chronic, partial and complete tears.

Conclusions:

  • Current literature provides detailed insights into distal biceps tendon injuries.
  • Understanding of tendon biology and biomechanics is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Both surgical and conservative approaches have defined roles in managing these injuries.