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Related Concept Videos

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

Assessing vehicle effects on skin absorption using artificial membrane assays.

Daniela Karadzovska1, Jim E Riviere

  • 1Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study evaluated artificial skin membranes for predicting drug penetration. Strat-M™, certramides, and IPM showed moderate to good correlation with skin absorption, suggesting their use for initial topical formulation screening.

Keywords:
CertramidesDermal/percutaneous absorptionIPMIsopropyl myristateK(o/w)P(app)/k(p)PAMPAsParallel artificial membrane permeability assays (PAMPAs)SkinStrat-M™apparent permeability coefficientisopropyl myristateoctanol–water partition coefficientparallel artificial membrane permeability assays

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Dermal drug delivery and formulation science.
  • Biophysical characterization of skin barrier.
  • High-throughput screening methodologies.

Background:

  • Evaluating numerous drug/vehicle combinations for skin contact is challenging.
  • A high-throughput screening method is needed for efficient formulation development.
  • Artificial membranes offer a potential alternative to animal or human skin models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the predictive capability of three artificial membranes (Strat-M™, certramides, IPM) for skin permeability.
  • To compare artificial membrane data with porcine skin diffusion cell data.
  • To explore the utility of these membranes in early-stage topical formulation screening.

Main Methods:

  • Three artificial membranes (Strat-M™, certramides, IPM) were used to test the skin permeability of six model compounds.
  • Compounds were applied in various vehicles (propylene glycol, water, ethanol) at unsaturated and saturated concentrations.
  • Permeation data from artificial membranes were correlated with data from porcine skin diffusion cells.

Main Results:

  • Correlations (r²) between artificial membranes and porcine skin ranged from 0.38 to 0.66, improving with saturated concentrations.
  • Strat-M™ showed the highest correlation (r²=0.60) with porcine skin at saturated concentrations.
  • Good correlations (r²=0.67-0.73) were observed between membrane retention and skin retention.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial membranes, particularly Strat-M™, demonstrate potential for predicting skin permeability of topical formulations.
  • These membranes can serve as an initial screening tool to reduce the number of formulations requiring more complex biological testing.
  • Further research is needed to validate these findings with more complex topical formulations.