Three-dimensional finite element modelling of all-ceramic restorations based on micro-CT

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Engineering
• Computational Mechanics

Background:

• Accurate modeling of dental restorations is crucial for predicting mechanical behavior.
• Finite Element Analysis (FEA) requires precise 3D models for reliable simulations.
• Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) offers high-resolution imaging for complex dental structures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To detail a method for generating 3D models of dental crowns and three-unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs) from micro-CT data.
• To apply this method for Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to understand stress distribution.
• To validate the utility of this modeling approach in dental research and design.

Main Methods:

• Dental crowns and FPDs (Y-TZP ceramic framework with VM9 porcelain veneer) were scanned using micro-CT.
• Image processing using Mimics software segmented abutments, framework, and veneer.
• Non-manifold assembly and simultaneous meshing were performed before FEA in ABAQUS.

Main Results:

• FEA models demonstrated high fidelity to the original dental structures.
• Non-manifold assembly ensured seamless integration of different material components.
• Tensile stresses in crowns concentrated internally near the load; in FPDs, they localized on the framework's cervical connectors and pontic.

Conclusions:

• Micro-CT scanning combined with Mimics software enables the creation of valid 3D models for dental restorations.
• This 3D FEA methodology serves as a valuable tool for predicting stress distribution and guiding the structural design of dental prosthetics.