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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control01:27

Chemical Agents for Microbial Control

Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
Biological Methods for Microbial Control01:28

Biological Methods for Microbial Control

Biological agents offer an effective means of controlling microbial growth by leveraging natural processes like predation, competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial substances.Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio species target and kill pathogens like Salmonella and E. coli. They are widely used in poultry farms to control infections. Myxococcus species help combat plant-pathogenic fungi. These naturally occurring predators serve as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer (PCS), D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military
14:17

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer (PCS), D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military

Published on: June 29, 2014

Enzyme-based formulations for decontamination: current state and perspectives.

Navdeep Grover1, Cerasela Zoica Dinu, Ravi S Kane

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzyme-based antimicrobial formulations offer a safe and effective alternative to harsh chemicals for pathogen deactivation. These biocidal agents harness enzymes to generate oxidants, proving difficult for microbes to resist.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer (PCS), D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military
14:17

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer (PCS), D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military

Published on: June 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Current antimicrobial formulations often rely on harsh chemicals with negative health and environmental impacts.
  • The rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial strategies.
  • Enzyme-based self-decontaminating formulations present a promising alternative to traditional chemical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and application of enzyme-based antimicrobial formulations.
  • To highlight the advantages of enzyme-based antimicrobials over conventional chemical agents.
  • To discuss the potential of enzymes in combating antibiotic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on enzyme-based antimicrobial formulations.
  • Analysis of enzymes like laccases, haloperoxidases, and perhydrolases.
  • Examination of biocidal oxidant generation by enzymes (e.g., hypohalous acid, peracetic acid).

Main Results:

  • Enzymes can generate broad-spectrum biocidal oxidants that effectively deactivate diverse pathogens.
  • Enzyme-derived oxidants exhibit multi-pathway antimicrobial action, hindering microbial resistance development.
  • Few enzyme-based antimicrobial formulations have been reported, indicating a gap in current research.

Conclusions:

  • Enzyme-based antimicrobial formulations offer a noncorrosive, cost-effective, and environmentally benign approach to pathogen control.
  • These formulations are effective against bacteria, spores, viruses, and fungi.
  • Further research and development of enzyme-containing antimicrobial formulations are warranted to address clinical, industrial, and domestic needs.