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Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is critical for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

Published on: January 28, 2019

AMPAR trafficking in synapse maturation and plasticity.

Silvia Bassani¹, Alessandra Folci, Jonathan Zapata

¹CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS

|March 12, 2013

Summary

Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor trafficking regulates synapse strength and neuronal circuit stability. This review explores AMPAR trafficking

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

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Published on: January 28, 2019

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Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons

Published on: April 3, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs) are crucial for fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
The number and type of AMPARs in postsynaptic membranes dictate synaptic strength.
Regulated trafficking of AMPAR subunits controls their membrane presence.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent findings on the role of AMPAR trafficking in synapse development and plasticity.
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying AMPAR trafficking in Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity.
To understand how AMPAR trafficking contributes to learning, memory, and neuronal circuit stability.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent research on AMPAR trafficking.
Analysis of studies investigating AMPAR subunit dynamics.
Examination of experimental evidence linking AMPAR trafficking to synaptic plasticity mechanisms.

Main Results:

AMPAR trafficking is essential for the formation and maturation of synapses.
It is a primary determinant of both Hebbian plasticity (learning/memory) and homeostatic plasticity (circuit stability).
Specific trafficking pathways regulate synaptic strength and neuronal network function.

Conclusions:

AMPAR trafficking is a fundamental process underlying synaptic plasticity.
Understanding AMPAR trafficking provides insights into the neural basis of learning, memory, and maintaining brain function.
Targeting AMPAR trafficking may offer therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.