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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

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Published on: February 19, 2021

High speed 3D overhauser-enhanced MRI using combined b-SSFP and compressed sensing.

Mathieu Sarracanie¹, Brandon D Armstrong, Jason Stockmann

¹Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Radiology, A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|March 12, 2013

Summary

This study introduces a novel method for Overhauser-enhanced MRI, significantly boosting speed and resolution for imaging free radicals. This advance opens new avenues for studying biological processes in living organisms.

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Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring

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3D Scanning Technology Bridging Microcircuits and Macroscale Brain Images in 3D Novel Embedding Overlapping Protocol

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Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring

Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring

Published on: December 9, 2010

Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Free Radical Imaging
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Background:

Overhauser-enhanced MRI (OEMRI) offers promise for imaging free radical distribution and dynamics.
Key challenges in OEMRI include achieving high spatial/temporal resolution and managing RF-induced heating.
Existing methods require separate prepolarization steps and suffer from time-varying signals.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an improved OEMRI technique that overcomes current limitations in speed and resolution.
To enable enhanced imaging of free radicals in biological systems.
To facilitate the study of dynamic processes like metabolism and flow.

Main Methods:

Integration of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) pulses within a balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequence.
Elimination of the separate Overhauser prepolarization step, leading to a steady-state signal.
Application of undersampled k-space strategies and compressed sensing reconstruction for increased temporal resolution.

Main Results:

Demonstrated spatial resolution of 1 × 2 × 3.5 mm³ at 6.5 mT.
Acquisition across a 54 × 54 × 110 mm³ sample achieved in 33 seconds.
Successful imaging with only 30% of k-space sampled.

Conclusions:

The presented method significantly enhances speed and resolution in OEMRI.
Overcomes major limitations of previous OEMRI techniques.
Enables new opportunities for in vivo free radical measurement and dynamic process studies.