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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

960
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
960
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

18.0K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
18.0K
Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

711
The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
711
Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes02:45

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

17.4K
Alkenes react with water in the presence of an acid to form an alcohol. In the absence of acid, hydration of alkenes does not occur at a significant rate, and the acid is not consumed in the reaction. Therefore, alkene hydration is an acid-catalyzed reaction.
17.4K
Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration02:34

Regioselectivity and Stereochemistry of Acid-Catalyzed Hydration

9.6K
The rate of acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes depends on the alkene's structure, as the presence of alkyl substituents at the double bond can significantly influence the rate.
9.6K
Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation01:20

Aldehydes and Ketones with Water: Hydrate Formation

4.9K
An oxygen-based nucleophile, like water, can undergo addition reactions with aldehydes and ketones. The reaction leads to the formation of hydrates, also referred to as 1,1-diols or geminal diols.
The formation of hydrates is a reversible reaction. Hydrate formation is influenced by steric and electronic factors accompanying the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl group: The rate of hydrate formation increases with a decrease in the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon. Hence,...
4.9K

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Dabigatran etexilate tetra-hydrate.

Hong-Qiang Liu1, Wei-Guang Zhang, Zhi-Qiang Cai

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Centre for New Drug Safety Assessment and Research, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China ; Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a complex organic molecule, ethyl 3-{[2-({4-[(Z)-amino-(hexyl-oxycarbonyl-imino)-meth-yl]anilino}meth-yl)-1-meth-yl-benzimidazole-5-carbon-yl]pyridin-2-yl-amino}-propano-ate tetra-hydrate. It reveals specific molecular arrangements and hydrogen bonding interactions within its crystalline form.

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Raising the Mexican Tetra Astyanax mexicanus for Analysis of Post-larval Phenotypes and Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry
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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the three-dimensional structure of complex organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and potential applications.
  • Benzimidazole derivatives are known for their diverse biological activities and material properties.
  • Detailed structural analysis provides insights into intermolecular interactions and crystal packing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of ethyl 3-{[2-({4-[(Z)-amino-(hexyl-oxycarbonyl-imino)-meth-yl]anilino}meth-yl)-1-meth-yl-benzimidazole-5-carbon-yl]pyridin-2-yl-amino}-propano-ate tetra-hydrate.
  • To investigate the molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, within the crystal lattice.
  • To provide a detailed crystallographic description of this novel compound.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided insights into the molecule's geometry.
  • Hydrogen bonding networks were identified and characterized using crystallographic data.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of the title compound, C34H41N7O5·4H2O, was successfully determined.
  • Dihedral angles between the benzene, pyridine, and benzimidazole rings were quantified (5.4° and 43.8°).
  • The terminal butyl group exhibited conformational disorder, and extensive hydrogen bonding involving water molecules and the organic framework was observed, forming layered structures.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a precise three-dimensional structural characterization of a complex benzimidazole derivative.
  • The identified hydrogen bonding network and conformational details are key to understanding the compound's solid-state properties.
  • This detailed structural information serves as a foundation for further research into the compound's potential applications.