Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

Proton (¹H) NMR: Chemical Shift

Organic molecules primarily contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. While all the hydrogen isotopes are NMR-active, protium or hydrogen-1 is the most abundant. It has a significant energy separation between its nuclear spin states due to its large gyromagnetic ratio. As per Boltzmann's distribution, an increase in the energy separation implies a greater excess population of nuclei available for excitation, resulting in a strong NMR absorption signal.
Absorption signals of all the protium nuclei in a...

¹H NMR: Pople Notation

¹H NMR: Pople Notation

The Pople nomenclature system classifies spin systems based on the difference between their chemical shifts. Coupled spins are denoted by capital letters with subscripts indicating the number of equivalent nuclei. When the coupled nuclei have well-separated chemical shifts, they are assigned letters that are far apart in the alphabet, such as A and X. When the difference in chemical shifts is small, coupled nuclei are named using adjacent letters of the alphabet (AB, MN, or XY).
A proton...

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Exploring the separation, characterization and antioxidant activity of proteins and peptides from selected seagrasses in Palk Bay region of Tamil Nadu in India.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025

Same author

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the chalcone derivative (2<i>E</i>)-3-[4-(di-phenyl-amino)phen-yl]-1-[4-(prop-1-yn-2-yl-oxy)phen-yl]prop-2-en-1-one.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2025

Same author

Identification of potential marine bioactive compounds from brown seaweeds towards BACE1 inhibitors: molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations approach.

In silico pharmacology·2024

Same author

Identification of a novel drug molecule for neurodegenerative disease from marine algae through <i>in-silico</i> analysis.

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics·2024

Same author

Unconjugated bilirubin and its derivative ameliorate IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice by inhibiting MMP9 and MAPK pathway.

International immunopharmacology·2024

Same author

Exploring the artificial intelligence and machine learning models in the context of drug design difficulties and future potential for the pharmaceutical sectors.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)·2023

Same journal

Crystal structure of 1-(piperidin-1-yl)butane-1,3-dione.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of methyl 1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-7-tosyl-3,6,7,11b-tetra-hydro-pyrazolo-[4',3':5,6]pyrano[3,4-c]quinoline-5a(5H)-carboxyl-ate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of 4-amino-1-(4-methyl-benz-yl)pyridinium bromide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of (Z)-3-benz-yloxy-6-[(2-hy-droxy-anilino)methyl-idene]cyclo-hexa-2,4-dien-1-one.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of bis-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole) perchloric acid monosolvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of 2-(di-phenyl-phos-phanyl)phenyl 4-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)benzoate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

Morpholine-4-nitro-phenol (1/2).

Srinivasan Muralidharan¹, Yechuri Vidyalakshmi, Thothadri Srinivasan

¹Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|March 12, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a nitro-phenol and morpholine adduct. The morpholine ring exhibits a chair conformation, with specific dihedral angles noted between the nitro-phenol rings and their nitro groups.

More Related Videos

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Published on: October 19, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Preparation of N-(2-alkoxyvinyl)sulfonamides from N-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and Subsequent Conversion to Substituted Phthalans and Phenethylamines

Published on: January 3, 2018

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants

Published on: October 19, 2017

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Molecular structure determination
Supramolecular chemistry

Background:

Understanding molecular interactions is crucial in chemistry.
Adduct formation provides insights into intermolecular forces.
Nitro-phenol and morpholine are relevant chemical entities.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the 2C6H5NO3·C4H9NO adduct.
To analyze the conformational preferences of the morpholine ring.
To investigate the intermolecular interactions stabilizing the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed.
Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles.
Identification and analysis of hydrogen bonding and C-H···O interactions.

Main Results:

The morpholine ring was found to adopt a chair conformation.
The dihedral angle between the nitro-phenol rings is 69.47°.
Nitro groups showed small dihedral angles (3.37° and 3.14°) relative to benzene rings.
Crystal structure is stabilized by N-H⋯O, O-H⋯N, O-H⋯O, and C-H⋯O interactions, forming a 3D network.

Conclusions:

The study provides a detailed structural characterization of the adduct.
The observed conformation and interactions highlight the importance of hydrogen bonding in crystal packing.
This work contributes to the understanding of supramolecular assembly in organic adducts.