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Related Concept Videos

Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
Mass Spectrometry of Amines01:15

Mass Spectrometry of Amines

In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic aliphatic amines show...

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Removal of Arsenic Using a Cationic Polymer Gel Impregnated with Iron Hydroxide
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Published on: June 28, 2019

Cyano-methanaminium perchlorate.

Jing Quan1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Nanjing College of Chemical Technology, Nanjing 210048, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The crystal structure of ethylenediammonium perchlorate reveals a 3D network. Cations and anions are linked by N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, detailing crystal packing.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding crystal structures is crucial for predicting material properties.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the self-assembly of crystalline solids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of ethylenediammonium perchlorate.
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonding, within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the atomic arrangement.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks (N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O) was performed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of ethylenediammonium perchlorate (C2H5N2(+)·ClO4(-)) was successfully determined.
  • A three-dimensional network was observed, formed by the connection of cations and anions.
  • Specific hydrogen bonds, including N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O interactions, were identified as the linking forces.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal packing of ethylenediammonium perchlorate is governed by a combination of N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
  • These interactions lead to the formation of an intricate three-dimensional supramolecular network.