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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

In Vitro Reconstitution of the Actin Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

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Published on: August 25, 2022

Cytosinium orotate dihydrate.

Gustavo Portalone¹

¹Chemistry Department, "Sapienza" University of Rome, P.le A. Moro, 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|March 12, 2013

Summary

Researchers synthesized a new compound from cytosine and orotic acid, revealing a complex crystal structure stabilized by hydrogen bonds and water molecules. This study details the intricate network formed by these interactions.

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Supramolecular Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Cytosine and orotic acid are biologically relevant pyrimidine derivatives.
Understanding the co-crystal formation of such molecules is crucial for materials science and drug design.
Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in molecular self-assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel salt co-crystal formed between cytosine and orotic acid.
To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions within the synthesized compound.
To investigate the role of water molecules in the crystal lattice formation.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of the compound through a reaction in aqueous solution.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the crystal structure.

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Analysis of hydrogen bonding networks and graph-set motifs.

Main Results:

The compound was successfully synthesized with the formula Cyt(+)·Or(-)·2H2O.
A dimer formed by two N(+)-H⋯O(-) hydrogen bonds (R2(2)(8)) was identified.
A 2D network of hydrogen-bonded ion pairs was observed, further extended into a 3D array by water molecules forming R3(2)(8) and R3(2)(7) rings.
The orotate anion exhibited a near-planar geometry.

Conclusions:

The study successfully characterized the crystal structure of the cytosine-orotic acid co-crystal.
The intricate hydrogen bonding network, including the role of water, dictates the supramolecular architecture.
The findings provide insights into the solid-state behavior of pyrimidine derivatives.