Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic sinusitis...
Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Inhaled Corticosteroids and Glucocorticoids

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are anti-inflammatory drugs used primarily in treating persistent asthma and providing long-term maintenance. They target the bronchial mucosa, the lining of the airways, to control inflammation, a critical factor in asthma progression and exacerbation.
ICS work through a multifaceted mechanism of action. They suppress the inflammatory response caused by the proliferation of TH cells. They also reduce the transcription of the IL-2 gene, which is involved in the...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:16

Drugs Used in Upper Respiratory Disorders: Overview

Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
Antihistamines (e.g., Benadryl) block histamines from binding. Histamines are chemicals released during an allergic reaction in the body. As a...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines01:15

Upper Respiratory Drugs: First and Second-Generation Antihistamines

Antihistamines are a class of drugs widely used to alleviate the symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, itching, and nasal congestion. They work by inhibiting the actions of histamine, which is released by immune cells in response to allergenic substances or tissue injuries.
Histamine binds to specific receptor sites, known as H1 receptors, on tissue cells, triggering inflammation and swelling. Antihistamines combat these effects by competing with histamine for these receptor sites. By...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Vibrational spectra, HOMO, LUMO, NBO, MEP analysis and molecular docking study of 2,2-diphenyl-4-(piperidin-1-yl)butanamide.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2015
Same author

Crystal structure of 3-benzoyl-2-[(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene)amino]-4,5,6,7-tetra-hydro-benzo[b]thio-phene.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2015
Same author

Crystal structures of 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-ium chloride and 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-ium nitrate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2014
Same author

Crystal structure of 1-(3-chloro-phen-yl)piperazin-1-ium picrate-picric acid (2/1).

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2014
Same author

Crystal structure of 3-[4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-ium-1-yl]butano-ate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2014
Same author

Two tautomers in the same crystal: 3-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-1H-pyrazole and 5-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-1H-pyrazole.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Curcuminoid-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis
06:39

Curcuminoid-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis

Published on: October 27, 2023

Cinnarizinium fumarate.

C N Kavitha1, Sema Ōztūrk Yildirim, Jerry P Jasinski

  • 1Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a piperazinium salt, revealing a distorted piperazine ring and specific phenyl ring orientations. Hydrogen bonds and weak interactions dictate the compound's crystal packing and layered structure.

More Related Videos

Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus
12:29

Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus

Published on: April 19, 2017

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians
06:49

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians

Published on: March 14, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Curcuminoid-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis
06:39

Curcuminoid-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis

Published on: October 27, 2023

Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus
12:29

Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus

Published on: April 19, 2017

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians
06:49

Reduced Itraconazole Concentration and Durations Are Successful in Treating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis Infection in Amphibians

Published on: March 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Piperazine derivatives are prevalent in pharmaceuticals and materials science.
  • Understanding the solid-state structure is crucial for predicting chemical and physical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title salt, 4-diphenyl-methyl-1-[(E)-3-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl]piperazin-1-ium (2Z)-3-carb-oxy-prop-2-enoate.
  • To analyze the conformation of the piperazine ring and the spatial arrangement of its substituents.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, and intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces).

Main Results:

  • The piperazine ring adopts a distorted chair conformation with a quaternary nitrogen atom.
  • Specific dihedral angles were measured between the phenyl rings of the diphenyl-methyl and phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl groups.
  • N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form [001] chains, while C-H⋯O interactions create layers perpendicular to the a-axis.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of a novel piperazinium salt.
  • The observed hydrogen bonding and weak interactions are key determinants of the compound's crystal lattice architecture.
  • This structural insight can inform the design of related compounds with tailored properties.