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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship01:16

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of the aromatic...
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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N-(4-Bromo-phen-yl)acetamide: a new polymorph.

Jerry P Jasinski1, Curtis J Guild, H S Yathirajan

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new crystal form (polymorph) of C8H8BrNO was identified at low temperature. This new polymorph crystallizes in a different space group than the previously known room-temperature form.

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Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Polymorphism is crucial in determining the physical and chemical properties of crystalline compounds.
  • Understanding different crystalline forms is essential for applications in pharmaceuticals and materials science.
  • The title compound, C8H8BrNO, was previously characterized in a different crystal form.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of a new polymorph of C8H8BrNO.
  • To compare the structural features of the new polymorph with the previously reported room-temperature form.
  • To investigate intermolecular interactions in the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 173 K.
  • Analysis of crystallographic data to determine space group and molecular arrangement.
  • Identification of hydrogen bonding and other non-covalent interactions.

Main Results:

  • A new polymorph of C8H8BrNO was successfully crystallized and its structure determined.
  • The new polymorph crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c.
  • The previously reported room-temperature structure is in the orthorhombic space group Pna21.
  • Molecules are arranged in chains via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds along the [010] direction.
  • Weak C-H⋯π interactions were also observed.

Conclusions:

  • The existence of a new polymorph of C8H8BrNO is confirmed.
  • The structural differences between the low-temperature and room-temperature forms highlight the impact of temperature on crystal packing.
  • The identified hydrogen bonding and C-H⋯π interactions play a role in stabilizing the crystal structure.