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Related Concept Videos

Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with bradycardia...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
09:20

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice

Published on: July 5, 2021

Just sinus bradycardia or something more serious?

Kelly R Egan1, J Carter Ralphe, Larry Weinhaus

  • 1University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, USA.

Case Reports in Pediatrics
|March 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A child with unexplained bradycardia and ventricular tachycardia was diagnosed with genetic heart conditions. Treatment involved beta-blockers and a pacemaker, effectively managing her arrhythmias.

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Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
06:07

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
09:20

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice

Published on: July 5, 2021

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice
06:07

Analyzing Long-Term Electrocardiography Recordings to Detect Arrhythmias in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) are rare but serious cardiac conditions.
  • Genetic mutations are increasingly recognized as underlying causes of these arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of a pediatric patient presenting with both bradycardia and ventricular tachycardia.
  • To investigate the genetic basis of the patient's complex cardiac presentation.
  • To describe the management and outcomes of this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation and diagnostic workup of a 5-year-old girl with asymptomatic bradycardia.
  • Echocardiography to assess left ventricular structure and function.
  • Genetic testing for mutations in genes associated with inherited arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies, including RyR2, CASQ2, and TTN.
  • Pharmacological management with beta-blockers and device implantation (pacemaker).

Main Results:

  • The patient exhibited profound sinus bradycardia, exercise-induced bidirectional ventricular tachycardia, and supraventricular tachycardia.
  • Echocardiography revealed significant left ventricular trabeculations, suggestive of noncompaction.
  • Genetic testing identified mutations in RyR2, CASQ2, and TTN genes.
  • Treatment with beta-blockade and pacemaker implantation successfully controlled the tachyarrhythmias and bradycardia.

Conclusions:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering genetic testing in pediatric patients with unexplained arrhythmias and structural heart abnormalities.
  • Combined CPVT and LVNC, driven by mutations in RyR2, CASQ2, and TTN, can present atypically.
  • A multidisciplinary approach involving electrophysiology, cardiology, and genetics is crucial for optimal management.