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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue, improving...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management01:29

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management

Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
08:08

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Diagnosing and managing pulmonary hypertension.

Athanasios Charalampopoulos1, Claire Raphael, Wendy Gin-Sing

  • 1National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

The Practitioner
|March 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious condition characterized by high blood pressure in lung arteries. Early diagnosis and identifying the cause are vital for effective treatment and management.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (> or = 25 mmHg at rest).
  • PH presents with non-specific symptoms like exertional dyspnea, potentially affecting any age group.
  • Accurate diagnosis is critical as PH is treatable, though potentially lethal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of identifying the cause of PH for appropriate management.
  • To highlight key diagnostic steps and referral criteria for suspected PH.
  • To outline the role of echocardiography in PH detection.

Main Methods:

  • Initial investigations include ECG, chest radiograph, and blood tests (CBC, renal, liver, thyroid function).
  • Echocardiography is the primary non-invasive tool for detecting elevated pulmonary pressures.
  • Referral to cardiology or respiratory departments is recommended for suspected PH, with urgent referral for specific warning signs.

Main Results:

  • Common causes of PH include underlying heart and lung diseases, for which specific PH drug therapies are contraindicated.
  • PH is associated with various other conditions, necessitating a thorough etiological investigation.
  • Echocardiogram findings suggestive of PH warrant referral to a specialized PH center for further evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition of PH, especially when symptoms are unresponsive to standard treatments, is crucial.
  • Timely and accurate diagnosis, guided by clinical suspicion and appropriate investigations, improves patient outcomes.
  • Specialized centers are essential for managing complex cases of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.