Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Progress in the development of pandemic influenza vaccines and their production technologies.

Applied biochemistry and microbiology·2020
Same author

Ebola hemorrhagic fever: Properties of the pathogen and development of vaccines and chemotherapeutic agents.

Molecular biology·2020
Same author

[Oncolytic potential of recombinant influenza A virus vectors on a model of malignant glioma in vivo].

Voprosy onkologii·2018
Same author

CHRONIC HEPATITIS WITH DOUBLE B/C INFECTION: VIROLOGICAL, CLINICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS.

Klinicheskaia meditsina·2017
Same author

[Adenosine A2A receptor as a drug target for treatment of sepsis].

Molekuliarnaia biologiia·2016
Same author

The influenza A virus NS genome segment displays lineage-specific patterns in predicted RNA secondary structure.

BMC research notes·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
07:51

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: May 21, 2015

[Immunosuppression at pregnancy and flu].

O I Kiselev

    Voprosy Virusologii
    |March 13, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pregnancy involves immunosuppression due to special protein sequences blocking T-lymphocyte receptors. These sequences, found in viruses and placenta, explain severe H1N1 infection in pregnant women.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Virology
    • Molecular Biology

    Context:

    • Pregnancy is associated with increased susceptibility to certain infections.
    • Pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (H1N1pdm09) disproportionately affected pregnant women.
    • Physiological immunosuppression during pregnancy is a known phenomenon.

    Purpose:

    • To propose a hypothesis explaining the severe H1N1pdm09 infection in pregnant women.
    • To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying pregnancy-related immunosuppression.
    • To investigate the role of immunosuppressive sequences in viral pathogenicity.

    Summary:

    • This review hypothesizes that pregnancy-induced immunosuppression involves the blockade of T-cell receptor (TcR) and NKG2D receptors by specific protein domains.
    • These immunosuppressive sequences are found in placental syncytins and pathogenic viruses (e.g., Ebola, retroviruses, influenza viruses).

    More Related Videos

    Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
    09:09

    Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

    Published on: August 17, 2022

    Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)
    07:13

    Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)

    Published on: March 25, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 13, 2026

    Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
    07:51

    Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

    Published on: May 21, 2015

    Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
    09:09

    Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring

    Published on: August 17, 2022

    Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)
    07:13

    Induction of Maternal Immune Activation in Mice at Mid-gestation Stage with Viral Mimic Poly(I:C)

    Published on: March 25, 2016

  • Homologs of these domains in H5N1 and H1N1pdm09 influenza viruses act as pathogenicity factors, suppressing T-lymphocyte proliferation by inhibiting TcR and NKG2D activation.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a molecular explanation for increased H1N1pdm09 severity in pregnancy.
    • Identifies immunosuppressive sequences as potential therapeutic targets.
    • Highlights the role of viral and placental protein interactions in immune evasion.