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Biomarkers in canine parvovirus enteritis
J P Schoeman1, A Goddard, A L Leisewitz
1Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa. johan.schoeman@up.ac.za
New Zealand Veterinary Journal
|March 13, 2013
Summary
Canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis remains a significant threat to young dogs due to evolving viral strains. Identifying key clinical and laboratory biomarkers aids in diagnosing and predicting outcomes for CPV-infected puppies.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Canine Health
Background:
- Canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis, first identified in 1978, continues to cause significant illness and death in young dogs.
- The virus evolves into more virulent and resistant variants, leading to severe gastrointestinal and systemic inflammation.
- Understanding diagnostic and prognostic factors is crucial for managing CPV infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for canine parvovirus enteritis.
- To identify historical, signalment, clinical, hematological, biochemical, and endocrine parameters relevant to CPV infection.
- To highlight factors influencing disease severity and outcome.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on canine parvovirus enteritis.
- Identification and compilation of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
- Analysis of factors contributing to disease manifestations and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Key biomarkers include season, breed, bodyweight, vomiting, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypercoagulability, hypercortisolemia, hypothyroxinemia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor, hypocholesterolemia, and hypocitrullinemia.
- Disease severity and outcome are influenced by host factors, pathogen characteristics, secondary infections, stressors, and environmental elements.
- Several prognosticators are available for identifying high-risk patients.
Conclusions:
- Multiple factors contribute to the complex manifestations of CPV infection.
- The identification of prognostic biomarkers facilitates targeted management of high-risk canine parvovirus enteritis cases.
- Effective management strategies can be developed based on identified diagnostic and prognostic indicators.
