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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

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Published on: May 20, 2013

Measuring high-resolution sky luminance distributions with a CCD camera.

Korntip Tohsing¹, Michael Schrempf, Stefan Riechelmann

¹Institut für Meteorologie und Klimatologie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany. tohsing@muk.uni-hannover.de

|March 13, 2013

Summary

A new hemispherical sky imager (HSI) system accurately measures sky luminance using a fish-eye lens camera. This validated system provides high-resolution sky luminance data for diverse sky conditions.

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Area of Science:

Atmospheric optics
Radiometry
Remote sensing

Background:

Accurate sky luminance measurements are crucial for various applications, including solar energy and lighting design.
Existing methods may lack the spatial or temporal resolution required for detailed analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a novel hemispherical sky imager (HSI) system for deriving sky luminance.
To assess the accuracy and performance of the HSI system across different sky conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized a commercial CCD camera with a fish-eye lens for hemispherical imaging.
Calculated luminance from high dynamic range images.
Validated HSI-derived luminance data against measurements from a CCD array spectroradiometer.

Main Results:

The HSI system demonstrated high accuracy, with luminance deviations less than 10% for clear and overcast skies, and within 20% for all sky conditions.
Global illuminance derived from HSI images showed deviations less than 5% (cloudless) and 20% (cloudy) for solar zenith angles < 80°.
The system achieves high spatial resolution (>1 million pixels) and temporal resolution (every 20 s).

Conclusions:

The developed hemispherical sky imager (HSI) system is a reliable tool for measuring sky luminance.
The HSI system offers high spatial and temporal resolution, suitable for detailed sky luminance studies.
This technology advances the capability for precise atmospheric optical measurements.