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Does β-hydroxybutyrate concentration influence conception date in young postpartum range beef cows?

J T Mulliniks¹, M E Kemp, R L Endecott

¹Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003, USA.

Journal of Animal Science

|March 13, 2013

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Metabolic signals, specifically blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels, can predict conception timing in young beef cows. Lower BHB concentrations indicate better energy status and earlier rebreeding success.

Area of Science:

Animal Science
Reproductive Physiology
Metabolic Health in Livestock

Background:

Negative energy balance post-calving impairs reproductive performance in beef cows, influenced by metabolic signals.
Understanding these metabolic signals is crucial for improving rebreeding efficiency in young cows.
Traditional measures like body condition score may not fully capture the metabolic state impacting fertility.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between serum metabolites, body condition, milk production, and conception timing in young beef cows.
To determine if blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations can predict rebreeding competence and conception date.
To evaluate the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in relation to conception success.

Main Methods:

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Two experiments classified spring-calving 2- and 3-year-old beef cows based on conception date (early vs. late).
Blood samples were collected postpartum and pre-breeding for serum metabolite analysis (BHB, glucose, insulin, IGF-1) and progesterone.
Measurements included milk production, body weight change, and body condition score (BCS).

Main Results:

Early-conceiving cows had lower BHB and glucose, but higher insulin concentrations compared to late-conceiving cows in Experiment 1.
In Experiment 2, 3-year-old cows showed higher pre-calving BHB in late-conceiving groups, while early conceivers had higher pre-calving and pre-breeding IGF-1.
BHB concentrations were a more sensitive indicator of energy status for predicting rebreeding competence than BCS.

Conclusions:

Blood BHB concentrations during metabolic stress are a sensitive predictor of rebreeding success in young beef cows.
Metabolic profiles, particularly BHB and IGF-1, offer insights into factors influencing conception timing.
Monitoring these metabolites can aid in managing reproductive performance in beef herds.