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Related Experiment Videos

Anchoring errors in clinical-like judgments.

M S Richards1, M Wierzbicki

  • 1Department of Psychology, Washburn University, Topeka, KS 66621.

Journal of Clinical Psychology
|May 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Initial judgments bias later ones, showing the anchoring effect in clinical case assessments. This cognitive bias was strongest for antisocial and anxiety cases, and surprisingly, higher when confidence was lower.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Anchoring errors are a cognitive bias where initial judgments influence subsequent ones.
  • Understanding this bias is crucial in sequential decision-making processes, particularly in clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and strength of the anchoring effect in sequential clinical case judgments.
  • To examine how confidence levels relate to the manifestation of anchoring errors.

Main Methods:

  • 142 undergraduates provided sequential severity and prognosis judgments for four clinical case vignettes (Alcohol Abuse, Anxiety, Depression, Antisocial Behavior).
  • Judgments and confidence ratings were collected after each of five case material segments.

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Main Results:

  • Initial judgments significantly predicted later judgments, confirming the anchoring effect.
  • The anchoring effect was most pronounced for Antisocial Behavior and Anxiety cases, moderate for Alcohol Abuse, and least for Depression.
  • A negative correlation was found between confidence and the anchoring effect; higher anchoring occurred with lower confidence.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates a significant anchoring effect in clinical judgment, varying by case type.
  • Contrary to hypotheses, lower confidence was associated with a stronger anchoring effect, suggesting potential implications for diagnostic accuracy and risk assessment.