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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Sensation01:21

Sensation

Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
05:58

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking

Published on: August 29, 2018

Interaction between value and perceptual salience in value-driven attentional capture.

Lihui Wang1, Hongbo Yu, Xiaolin Zhou

  • 1Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing, China. hbyu101325@pku.edu.cn

Journal of Vision
|March 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Value-driven attentional capture is modulated by stimulus perceptual salience and value type. Highly significant values, like monetary loss or pain, can capture attention even for less perceptually salient stimuli during visual search.

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Measurement of Neurophysiological Signals of Ignoring and Attending Processes in Attention Control

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual attention

Background:

  • Associating stimuli with value enhances their salience.
  • Value-driven attentional capture occurs when valued stimuli act as distractors in visual search.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate how perceptual salience and value type affect value-driven attentional capture.
  • Determine the conditions under which stimuli capture attention based on learned value.

Main Methods:

  • Visual search tasks with stimuli previously associated with monetary gain/loss or pain.
  • Manipulated perceptual salience of stimuli (color vs. shape) and value association strength.

Main Results:

  • Color associated with monetary gain/loss impaired shape search, but shape associated with gain/loss did not impair color search.
  • Value-driven attentional capture occurred for less salient shapes when strongly associated with loss or pain.
  • Perceptual salience and value significance interact to modulate attentional capture.

Conclusions:

  • Value-driven attentional capture is modulated by both stimulus perceptual salience and the type/significance of the associated value.
  • Highly significant values can override perceptual salience in capturing attention during visual search.