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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
05:39

Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Published on: May 26, 2023

Transcontinental anaesthesia: a pilot study.

T M Hemmerling1, E Arbeid, M Wehbe

  • 1Department of Anaesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H2W 1T8.

British Journal of Anaesthesia
|March 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcontinental teleanaesthesia is feasible and effective for remote anesthesia delivery. This pilot study demonstrated successful remote control of anesthesia during surgery, paving the way for future applications.

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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Telemedicine
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Telemedicine is a key World Health Organization initiative.
  • No prior studies explored the feasibility and efficacy of teleanaesthesia.
  • This study addresses the gap by investigating transcontinental anaesthesia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of transcontinental anaesthesia.
  • To evaluate the clinical and controller performance of remote anesthesia delivery.
  • To assess the efficacy of maintaining hypnosis and analgesia during remote surgery.

Main Methods:

  • A bi-centre pilot study involving 20 adult patients undergoing elective thyroid surgery.
  • Remote anesthesia controlled from Montreal (master computer) to Pisa (slave computer) using standard internet, remote desktop, and video conferencing.
  • Total intravenous anesthesia administered remotely, with outcomes measured by Bispectral Index (BIS) for hypnosis and Analgoscore for pain, alongside Varvel parameters for controller performance.

Main Results:

  • Transcontinental anaesthesia was successfully implemented in all 20 patients.
  • Hypnosis control was 'excellent and good' for 69% of maintenance time (BIS values within 10% of target).
  • Analgesia control was 'excellent and good' for 92% of maintenance time (Analgo score -3 to +3).

Conclusions:

  • Transcontinental anaesthesia is a feasible method for remote anesthesia delivery.
  • The study demonstrates good performance indexes for controlling anesthesia remotely.
  • This pilot study supports the potential of teleanaesthesia in surgical settings.