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Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

Development of perampanel in epilepsy.

A Satlin¹, L D Kramer, A Laurenza

¹Eisai Neuroscience Product Creation Unit, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677, USA. andrew_satlin@eisai.com

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. Supplementum

|March 14, 2013

Summary

Perampanel, a selective AMPA-type glutamate receptor antagonist, effectively treats partial-onset seizures. This first-in-class antiepileptic drug shows efficacy and tolerability in refractory cases.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Pharmacology

Background:

Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors are crucial for cortical glutamatergic transmission.
Glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a significant role in epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate perampanel as an adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures.
To assess the efficacy and tolerability of a novel AMPA-receptor antagonist in treatment-refractory epilepsy.

Main Methods:

Development of perampanel, a selective, non-competitive AMPA-receptor antagonist.
Phase III clinical trials adhering to antiepileptic drug development guidelines.

Main Results:

Perampanel demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in reducing treatment-refractory partial-onset seizures.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

Published on: May 16, 2019

Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Mouse Model

Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Mouse Model

Published on: June 12, 2018

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

This marks the first AED targeting glutamate-mediated neurotransmission with proven success in Phase III trials.

Conclusions:

Perampanel is an effective adjunctive treatment for partial-onset seizures.
The drug has received approval in the EU and US for this indication.