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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

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Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
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Absorption measurements in liquid core waveguides using cavity ring-down spectroscopy.

Klaus Bescherer1, Jack A Barnes, Hans-Peter Loock

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Short liquid core waveguides (LCWs) integrated into a fiber-loop cavity ring-down spectrometer significantly lowered detection limits for red dyes. This advancement enables highly sensitive absorption measurements in minimal sample volumes.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) offers high sensitivity for absorption measurements.
  • Liquid core waveguides (LCWs) provide a confined medium for sample interaction.
  • Integrating LCWs into fiber-loop cavities presents challenges in optical coupling and system design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the detection limits of absorption spectroscopy by incorporating short LCWs into a fiber-loop cavity ring-down system.
  • To evaluate the performance of this integrated system for detecting low concentrations of analytes.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of using LCWs for sensitive measurements in small volumes.

Main Methods:

  • Short LCWs (5 and 10 cm) were coupled to a multimode fiber-loop cavity using concave fiber lenses.
  • A pressure-flow system was used to introduce liquid samples into the LCWs.
  • Absorption measurements were performed using a 532 nm pulsed laser.

Main Results:

  • Detection of Allura Red AC and Congo Red at a 5 nM limit of detection.
  • Achieved a detection volume of less than 1 μL.
  • Demonstrated minimal detectable absorbance below 4 × 10(-4) cm(-1) and minimal detectable absorption cross-section values of ~14 μm(2) and ~37 μm(2).

Conclusions:

  • The integration of short LCWs into a fiber-loop cavity ring-down spectrometer significantly improves detection sensitivity compared to single-pass absorption or conventional fiber-loop cavities.
  • This approach enables highly sensitive and low-volume absorption spectroscopy.
  • The system shows promise for sensitive detection of various analytes in micro-volumes.