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Published on: February 23, 2014
Rapid decrease of 7-valent conjugate vaccine coverage for invasive pneumococcal diseases in pediatric patients in
Naoko Chiba1, Miyuki Morozumi, Michi Shouji
1Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology for Infectious Agents, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) introduction in Japan significantly reduced invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in children. However, increases in non-vaccine types raise concerns about PCV7
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
Background:
- The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in Japan in 2010.
- The impact of PCV7 on invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in children was not yet known.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of PCV7 introduction on IPD incidence and serotype distribution in Japanese children.
- To assess changes in vaccine type (VT) and non-vaccine type (NVT) strains following PCV7 implementation.
Main Methods:
- Surveillance of IPD strains from 340 medical institutions across Japan in 2006, 2010, and 2011.
- Serotyping, penicillin-resistance genotyping, and multilocus sequence typing of collected Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.
- Comparison of IPD incidence and strain characteristics before and after PCV7 introduction and varying immunization coverage.
Main Results:
- A significant decrease in overall IPD incidence was observed in 2011 (p<0.001) following official PCV7 promotion.
- Meningitis and sepsis cases caused by VT strains significantly declined (p=0.033, p<0.001).
- Notable increases in NVT serotypes 15A and 22F were recorded in 2011 (p=0.015 for both), alongside increased sequence-type diversity and evolution to drug-resistant strains.
Conclusions:
- PCV7 introduction effectively reduced IPD caused by vaccine-type strains in Japan.
- The rapid emergence and increase of NVT strains pose a significant challenge and raise concerns about the future efficacy of PCV7.
- Continued surveillance and potential updates to pneumococcal vaccines are warranted to address evolving NVT epidemiology.
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