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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
14:14

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement

Published on: December 11, 2017

Sizing for mitral annuloplasty: where does science stop and voodoo begin?

Wolfgang Bothe1, D Craig Miller, Torsten Doenst

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany.

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|March 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Selecting the correct annuloplasty ring size is crucial for successful mitral valve repair. Current sizing methods lack scientific justification, leading to inconsistent outcomes and questioning the validity of the techniques used.

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Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
14:14

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement

Published on: December 11, 2017

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Mitral valve repair surgery relies on accurate annuloplasty ring sizing.
  • Improper ring size can lead to mitral valve incompetence, compromising surgical outcomes.
  • Existing ring sizing strategies lack standardized scientific validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the scientific basis of current annuloplasty ring sizing strategies.
  • To identify inconsistencies and arbitrary elements in mitral valve repair ring selection.
  • To highlight the need for evidence-based approaches in annuloplasty ring sizing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on annuloplasty ring sizing techniques.
  • Analysis of reported methodologies for selecting mitral valve repair ring sizes.
  • Comparative assessment of different sizing strategies based on available data.

Main Results:

  • A wide variation in opinions and practices regarding ring size selection was observed.
  • Many described sizing strategies lack clear scientific justification or empirical evidence.
  • The current approach to ring sizing appears subjective and potentially arbitrary.

Conclusions:

  • The selection of annuloplasty ring size in mitral valve repair is a critical step with significant variability.
  • A substantial gap exists between the described sizing methods and rigorous scientific validation.
  • Further research is needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for annuloplasty ring sizing to improve surgical repair outcomes.