Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves01:22

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:
Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves01:05

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive and...
Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and hence a...
Sound Intensity00:58

Sound Intensity

The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the emitted...
Determination of Expected Frequency01:08

Determination of Expected Frequency

Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
Relative Frequency Histogram01:14

Relative Frequency Histogram

The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. Like the histogram, a relative frequency histogram also has the same shape with a horizontal scale (the x-axis), but the vertical scale (the y-axis) is marked with relative frequencies (percentages of the whole) instead of actual frequencies. A relative frequency histogram is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution where the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seizures and arterial hypertension in a child: A case of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis evolving into posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

Neurology perspectives·2026
Same author

Isolated bilateral facial palsy as the initial presenting manifestation of generalized myasthenia gravis preceding myasthenic crisis.

Neurologia·2026
Same author

Alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy with cranial neuropathies, atypical neuroimaging, dry beriberi, and Graves' disease: A novel variant?

Neurologia·2026
Same author

HbE/β-thalassemia presenting with Moyamoya angiopathy-associated ischemic stroke and noncompressive intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Neurology perspectives·2026
Same author

Wernicke's encephalopathy in a non-alcoholic woman from rural India: A rare neurological complication of acute pancreatitis.

Neurology perspectives·2025
Same author

Author Correction: Deterministic and reconfigurable graph state generation with a single solid-state quantum emitter.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro
08:00

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro

Published on: December 3, 2018

Intensity noise correlations in a two-frequency VECSEL.

S De1, V Pal, A El Amili

  • 1Laboratoire Aimé Cotton, CNRS-Université Paris Sud 11, Campus d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.

Optics Express
|March 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intensity noise correlation in dual-frequency Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) depends on mode coupling. Higher coupling alters low-frequency noise spectra, while high frequencies remain largely unaffected.

More Related Videos

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy
06:51

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy

Published on: August 2, 2018

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
11:59

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

Published on: June 24, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 13, 2026

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro
08:00

Meso-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry Studies of Neurovascular Flows In Vitro

Published on: December 3, 2018

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy
06:51

Confocal Microscopy Reveals Cell Surface Receptor Aggregation Through Image Correlation Spectroscopy

Published on: August 2, 2018

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
11:59

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

Published on: June 24, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Semiconductor Lasers
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs) are crucial for various optical applications.
  • Understanding noise characteristics in VECSELs is essential for performance optimization.
  • Orthogonally polarized modes in VECSELs exhibit complex nonlinear interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally and theoretically investigate the intensity noise correlation between orthogonally polarized modes in a dual-frequency VECSEL.
  • To analyze the impact of nonlinear coupling strength on noise correlation spectra.
  • To determine the frequency dependence of noise correlation in VECSELs.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurements of intensity noise correlation spectra.
  • Development of a theoretical model based on nonlinear coupling and pump noise.
  • Analysis of noise correlation amplitude and phase spectra across a wide frequency range (100 kHz to 100 MHz).

Main Results:

  • For low nonlinear coupling, noise correlation spectra remain relatively flat (-6 dB amplitude, 0° phase) up to 100 MHz.
  • Increased coupling strength significantly alters low-frequency (<1-2 MHz) correlation spectra.
  • Above a 1-2 MHz cutoff frequency, correlation spectra show minimal dependence on coupling strength.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear coupling is a key factor influencing intensity noise correlation in dual-frequency VECSELs.
  • The observed frequency-dependent behavior of noise correlation provides insights into VECSEL dynamics.
  • The findings are relevant for designing and controlling noise properties in VECSEL devices.