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[Medical compression therapy of the extremities with medical compression stockings (MCS), phlebological compression bandages (PCB), and medical adaptive compression systems (MAC) : S2k guideline of the German Phlebology Society (DGP) in cooperation with the following professional associations: DDG, DGA, DGG, GDL, DGL, BVP. German version].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Combination of High Ligation and Intraoperative Embolization Using Polidocanol for Treatment of Varicoceles

Combination of High Ligation and Intraoperative Embolization Using Polidocanol for Treatment of Varicoceles

Published on: December 22, 2023

Sclerotherapy in venous malformation.

E Rabe¹, F Pannier

¹Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany. eberhard.rabe@ukb.uni-bonn.de

|March 14, 2013

Summary

Foam sclerotherapy, using agents like polidocanol, is a highly effective treatment for venous malformations. This method offers better results and fewer side effects than liquid sclerotherapy.

Area of Science:

Vascular Surgery
Interventional Radiology
Dermatology

Background:

Venous malformations stem from developmental errors in the embryonic venous system.
Standard treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach, including surgery and endovascular techniques.
Endovascular options encompass embolization and sclerotherapy using liquid or foamed sclerosants.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of foam sclerotherapy for treating venous malformations.
To compare the efficacy and safety of foam sclerotherapy with traditional methods.
To highlight foam sclerotherapy's role in managing symptomatic venous malformations.

Main Methods:

Review of foam sclerotherapy techniques for superficial and intramuscular venous malformations.

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Discussion of sclerosants including ethanol, polidocanol, and sodium tetradecyl sulfate.

Analysis of foam sclerotherapy's advantages over liquid sclerotherapy, such as improved vessel wall contact and reduced concentration requirements.

Main Results:

Foam sclerotherapy demonstrates superior effectiveness compared to liquid sclerotherapy for venous malformations.
Polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulfate foams offer a lower side-effect profile than ethanol.
Significant reductions in pain and malformation volume are achievable with foam sclerotherapy.

Conclusions:

Foam sclerotherapy is a recommended and effective treatment for low-flow extratruncular and truncular venous malformations.
It provides a less aggressive, anesthesia-free option with a lower risk of adverse events.
Foam sclerotherapy leads to substantial improvements in patient-reported pain and physical volume of malformations.