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Related Experiment Videos

Interpersonal competition can cause individuating processes.

J B Ruscher1, S T Fiske

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|May 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Competitors pay more attention to unexpected information about opponents, leading to more individualized impressions rather than relying on stereotypes. This research explores competitive interdependence and impression formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Interpersonal Dynamics
  • Cognitive Processes

Background:

  • Interdependence theories suggest individuals individuate others when outcomes are linked.
  • Previous research focused on cooperative interdependence, leaving competitive interdependence under-explored.
  • Competition may uniquely influence impression formation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if competitors individuate opponents.
  • To examine how competitive interdependence affects attention to and inferences about others.
  • To understand the impact of competition on expectancy-based impressions.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted involving participants expecting to compete or not compete.
  • Participants interacted with fictitious competent or incompetent individuals.

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  • Participants provided verbal descriptions of the other person's attributes.

    • Main Results:

    • Competitors showed increased attention to inconsistent information about opponents.
    • Competitors made more dispositional inferences based on inconsistencies.
    • Competitors formed more varied and nuanced impressions of opponents.

    Conclusions:

    • Competitive interdependence promotes individuation of opponents.
    • Competition can disrupt reliance on initial expectations and stereotypes.
    • Findings contribute to understanding impression formation in competitive contexts.