Deep-vein thrombosis and septic pulmonary emboli in methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection

Banani Poddar1, Jyoti Narayan Sahoo, Mohan Gurjar

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. bananip@sgpgi.ac.in

Insights

Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in children is often linked to underlying causes. This study describes cases of DVT in previously healthy children with Staphylococcus aureus sepsis, specifically the methicillin-sensitive type.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in pediatric populations is frequently associated with identifiable predisposing factors.
  • Staphylococcal sepsis, particularly with methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA), is a known risk factor for DVT and septic pulmonary emboli.

Observation:

  • This study details the clinical presentation of four previously healthy children.
  • These children developed community-acquired sepsis caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).
  • All four children also experienced deep-vein thrombosis.

Findings:

  • The cases highlight a clinical association between MSSA sepsis and DVT in pediatric patients.
  • This contrasts with the more commonly reported association between MRSA and DVT in similar contexts.
  • The clinical features observed in these four children provide insight into this specific presentation.

Implications:

  • Recognizing DVT as a potential complication of MSSA sepsis in children is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.
  • This finding may broaden the understanding of risk factors for pediatric DVT.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and frequency of DVT associated with MSSA sepsis in children.

Related Concept Videos

Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...