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Updated: May 13, 2026

Bilateral Assessment of the Corticospinal Pathways of the Ankle Muscles Using Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Published on: February 19, 2019
Beth E Fisher1, Ya-Yun Lee, Erica A Pitsch
1Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
This study shows transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a reliable method to measure corticomotor excitability (CE) in the gluteus maximus. Findings provide a reference for future research on muscle activation and training.
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