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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...

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Hypoxia Alters miRNAs Levels Involved in Non-Mendelian Inheritance of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
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Epilepsy and microRNA.

E M Jimenez-Mateos1, D C Henshall

  • 1Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

Neuroscience
|March 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression implicated in epilepsy. Research shows specific miRNAs influence seizure activity and neuronal damage, suggesting their potential as epilepsy biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal neuronal firing.
  • Brain-specific miRNAs control crucial neuronal functions like morphology, ion channels, migration, and glial activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of epilepsy.
  • To investigate miRNA expression changes in epilepsy models and human patients.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of targeting miRNAs in epilepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Expression profiling of miRNAs in animal models of status epilepticus and human epilepsy samples.
  • Functional studies using antagomirs to inhibit specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-34a, miR-132, miR-134).
  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in pathways like inflammation, stress signaling, and neuronal excitation.

Main Results:

  • miRNA expression profiles show alterations in the brain following seizures, particularly impacting inflammatory and neuronal pathways.
  • Specific miRNAs (miR-34a, miR-132) contribute to seizure-induced neuronal death.
  • Inhibition of miR-134 significantly reduced seizure activity, damage, and subsequent spontaneous seizures.
  • Neuroinflammatory processes were prominent in human epilepsy miRNA expression analysis.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs play a critical role in epileptogenesis and the epileptic state by regulating multiple genes and proteins.
  • Targeting specific miRNAs holds promise for novel epilepsy treatments.
  • miRNAs in biofluids may serve as valuable biomarkers for epilepsy diagnosis and monitoring.