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Updated: May 13, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Published on: February 16, 2024
Umbilication is a strong predictor of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Jiri Slama1, Karolina Adamcova, Ladislav Dusek
1Gynecologic Oncology Centre, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Brno, Czech Republic. Jiri.Slama@vfn.cz
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of the colposcopic feature of umbilication for detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2/3).
Materials And Methods:
Study included 430 randomly selected women who underwent conization for CIN 2 or CIN 3. The control group consisted of 102 patients with biopsy-confirmed CIN 1. Colpophotographs and reports from colposcopy examinations from all patients were retrospectively analyzed by 2 independent colposcopy experts with the aim to assess the presence of umbilication. The occurrence of more than 2 mosaic "tiles" with central punctation was considered to be a positive finding regardless of whether the mosaic pattern was coarse or fine. The prevalence of umbilication in CIN 1 and CIN 2/3 respectively was compared. The diagnostic value of umbilication alone and combination of umbilication and/or ridge sign was assessed.
Results:
Umbilication was detected in 10% and ridge sign in 10.2% of patients with CIN 2/3. Simultaneous presence of umbilication and ridge sign was rare (1.1%). The umbilication solely reached 12% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 100% positive predictive value for the detection of underlying CIN 2/3.
Conclusions:
Umbilication is an age-independent colposcopic feature with very high specificity for predicting CIN 2/3.
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